Flamingo Gardens Archives
Wray is known for growing citrus and founding Flamingo Groves, but few
people know that Wray was elected one of the first commissioners of Port
Everglades in 1931. He was an unwavering
force in transforming Bay Mabel Harbor into a major international facility at
Port Everglades in five short years. Wray
was reelected by a landslide for the following term, but the
election results were disputed and political
upheaval tied up the port for close to six months until June 1935.
Ultimately Wray never served a second term, despite his tremendous contributions to Port Everglades.
Lake
Mabel, The Beginning of the Story
and named the lake he found Mabel after his son’s fiancee (they were along for
the trip). Lake Mabel remained a shallow
lagoon, only 4 feet deep at low tide and separated from the ocean by a sand
ridge, until 1913 when it was opened to the sea for small boats.
Early Lake Mabel |
Bay
Mabel Harbor
Hollywood Harbor Development Company and bought 1440 acres of land by the lake. From the start, he envisioned a deep-water
harbor for shipping. Financed by $2
million in bonds from Hollywood and Fort Lauderdale, workers cleared the
surrounding land, dredged, added a small entrance, and the name was changed to Bay
Mabel Harbor. By December 1925 Young
could sail his yacht around the lake. The
devastating Hurricane of 1926 lead to Young’s bankruptcy and his abandoning the
project. More information on Joseph W.
Young and Bay Mabel Harbor can be found in Hollywood historian Joan Michelson’s
blog at https://joanmickelsonphd.wordpress.com.
and a year later residents gathered for the grand dedication ceremony. President Coolidge pushed a relay button in
the White House that detonated explosives to remove the rock barrier at the
entrance. As the story goes, there was a malfunction, but the barrier was soon removed.
Bay Mabel Harbor Dedication 1928 |
first real improvements began, it was still only a one-slip harbor for smaller
ships described as a “skimpy facility for handling cargo.”
Port
Everglades, The Transformation
state legislature provided for the first
election of commissioners to the Broward Port Authority to serve a four-year
term starting in 1931. Floyd L.
Wray was elected with the most votes, 1372; the others were Thomas E. Swanson
with 1052, John D. Sherwin with 884, and A.J. Ryan with 870 votes. Each would serve as chairman for three months
a year. They appointed Warren T. Eller, Executive Secretary and Port Manager.
Top: Sherwin and Wray Bottom: Ryan and Swanson |
the port. The winning entry by The Fort
Lauderdale Woman’s Club was Port Everglades as “the gateway to the rich
agricultural area embraced in the four million acres at the port’s very back
door.”
port into a gateway for national and international trade and cruises. 1931 was a busy year for Wray. He traveled on
port business by car, train, and ship so often he missed 18 of the early board
meetings, communicating on progress by letter and phone. Wray went to Boston,
New York, Philadelphia, Delaware, Washington DC, New Orleans, and Cuba. He applied
for funds from the Army Corps of
Engineers to widen the entrance and deepen the turning basin. He solicited
business with shipping and cruise companies. Things began to happen.
loan to provide a pre-cooling and cold storage plant, and a bonded warehouse in
1932. The first petroleum company
agreed to land and pipeline easements in 1931, and two more began regular service the following year. Starting with one then a second storage tank,
tank farms grew once the rail line was completed. The first shipment by sea from the Pacific Coast
arrived when the tanker Mauntawny docked with a cargo of 60,000 barrels of fuel
oil for the Belcher company tank. By 1934, exports jumped from 1,850
long tons to 10,859, and revenue increased over 300% from 1933. Wray applied for
a loan from the Public Works Board to construct slips 2 and 3. He started discussions for a major federal
grant to widen the channel even more by phone from New York.
Warehouse, pier improvement, and rail line brought to the port |
Growth of Tank Farms |
first foreign-flagged vessel to enter Port Everglades. It was soon followed by the Caledonia from
Glasgow, the Ferncliff from Oslo, and many more. In 1931, Wray negotiated and announced the
contract for twice-monthly sailings of the B&C Line. The Talamanca and Pastores, cruise ships of
the Great White Fleet of the United Fruit Company, were the first large
passenger ships. In 1932 the Cunard Line
started regular routes. In 1933, Wray reported tonnage already far greater
than that during 1932, with imports and exports from Japan and Norway. In
December, a news headline declared, “Two Steamers Due This Week, Tanker Is
Due Tomorrow, Danish Ship Scheduled to Arrive Wednesday. The Fort Lauderdale Daily News predicted the
port would become a major citrus export center, with central Florida growers
interested in using Port Everglades.
Freighters and passenger ships, large and small, began to line up at the port. |
Foreign commercial and cruise ships sailed in for the first time. |
welcomed the SS Columbia as it began fortnightly service between Port
Everglades and Havana. The largest US
passenger vessel at the time, it weighed close to 40 tons, was almost 700 feet
long, and had seven decks. There was a
pool on the Lido deck surrounded by 6,000 feet of white sand. Wray, as part of the official welcoming
party, had breakfast aboard with the captain and other notables.
1933, The Langley was the first aircraft carrier to visit Port Everglades. The CWA approved funds for leveling and
grading the docks reserved for the Coast Guard ships Unalga and Perry. Military supply ships like the Antares
stopped at the port. As President of the
Propeller Club, Wray entertained cadets of the NY State Maritime Academy at
Flamingo Groves. Later Port Everglades was used as a military base for the US
Navy. The open land and ocean access
provided a staging area for military exercises. Lake Mable had come a long way from its humble beginnings.
Langley 1933, Antares 1934, Maritime Cadets at Flamingo Groves |
No Second Term
public. He was reelected by a landslide
for the next term starting in January 1935.
But as soon as the votes were counted, a maelstrom of lawsuits left the
port in chaos until June of 1935. Throughout
this uncertain time, Wray kept sight of the goal. He continued to work for the
benefit of the port, traveling to Washington to secure a major grant, visiting
shipping companies to increase business, and helped to keep the port running when
banks were warned not to honor port checks or vouchers due to the series of injunctions.
Port
Everglades dominated front-page news with banner headlines and more than 30 articles
over the next several months. Only a few of the many
headlines are mentioned, and it wasn’t a slow news time. To put it in perspective, other news included
the Lindberg kidnapping and Hauptman trial, Amelia Earhart flying from Hawaii
to California and broadcasting during her flight, Barbara Hutton marrying a
Danish count, Trotzky hiding in France from the Soviets, France rushing troops
to the Rhine, Mussolini preparing for war, and George V celebrating 25 years on
the English throne. One headline proclaimed “Col. Howe [President Roosevelt’s secretary] predicts woman president
within 10 years.”
named in, any of the lawsuits, and the issues never questioned his work on
behalf of the port. The lawsuits were all
fueled by partisan politics, state vs. local rule, equal representation by the
Broward cities involved, petty squabbles, and individuals who refused to step
down from the board. Not all the issues
are represented here. There were far too
many to include.
In
1930, the Florida Legislature passed the Port Act allowing for the election of
commissioners rather than having them appointed by the governor. Not realizing that it failed to include
provisions for elections after the first term, the Port Authority just went
ahead with the next election.
results of the election were in on December 12, 1934. With 19 candidates running, Wray was
reelected with 1802 votes, and Ryan with 1077 votes. Strickland was newly elected with 1230 votes
along with DeLoach with 914 votes. Baxter
who had been appointed by the governor to replace Sherwin when he died in 1932
had only 724 votes and Swanson 704 votes. Within 5 days, the lawsuits began.
On December 27th, the first injunction was requested and heard by
a circuit judge in Fort Pierce. The
appeal was sent to the state Supreme Court.
In the meantime, Swanson and Baxter refused to quit the port board.
remain in power until successors were named, presumably by an act of the next
legislature, but the governor went ahead and appointed DeLoach and Strickland to
replace Baxter and Swanson. Everyone
showed up for the first board meeting, so it was canceled. Baxter and Swanson sought a new
injunction. Another lawsuit restrained old
board members from meeting with the new board members. Local Judge Tedder, assigned to resolve the latest
issues, threw up his hands and disqualified himself.
“Reserve Fund” Comes to the Rescue
telegram arrived from Washington. The
date for the hearing with the Army Engineers about an application for $903,000
for harbor improvement was set for February 4.
There were no port officials with authority to act, and the funds would
be lost if a delegation did not attend the meeting. No one seemed to object to Wray, Ryan, and
Eller attending because they were familiar with and could defend the
application for the grant. So far so
good, but port funds were tied up because banks had been warned during the
injunctions not to honor port checks or vouchers. There was no port money to pay expenses for
the trip.
from $75 to $125, a tidy sum during the depression years (and one of the
reasons 19 ran for election). When the
board voted for the extra income, Wray not only cast the only dissenting vote,
he refused to accept the money. He set
the difference aside in an account each month “to be used for the good of
the port.” According to the May 14,
1935 minutes of the board, the account totaled $1800. About $490 was used to clear up balloting
debt, pay election workers, police support, and others who served during the
election. It is said part of the money went to port clerks and other workers
who had gone unpaid during the injunctions and were threatening to strike. And some of that money was used to pay
expenses for the all important trip to Washington.
officials to increase port business.
Ryan returned to Florida with Eller who had become ill.
Finally, some good news was reported. Not only was the grant approved, but the amount
was also raised to over a million dollars.
The latest case went to the Supreme Court in Tallahassee. They ruled the governor could appoint new commissioners. Then Swanson and Baxter opposed the
governor’s right to appoint anyone. While
the court deliberated that issue, State Representative Rodgers submitted a new
port bill to the legislature calling for a three man port board to serve two
years. He proposed a new election and
defended Wray in the news.
governor named Strickland and DeLoach requires that his appointees must be from
the same section as the men to be succeeded.
Thus, if the governor should reaffirm his appointment of DeLoach he will
automatically remove Floyd L. Wray who was more nearly the unanimous choice of
the entire port district for commissioner than any other man. (Mr. Wray was
high man of all the candidates and received 1,802 votes — an impressive number
of voters to try to laugh off.)”
about bus lines for the port. He reached an agreement with Thomas Cook and Sons
for conventions, and with Holland America to bring in the Volendam. The first
molasses storage tanks were constructed, and work on the tank farms for Standard
Oil and Belcher Oil was completed.
appointed Strickland, DeLoach, and LaBrea.
They were to serve until January 1937 and be replaced by elected
commissioners. Petitions were still being circulated by citizens who wanted elect
their own their port officials.
still in charge, although the secretary of state already signed the commissions
for the new board. In a last-ditch
effort, a new injunction was requested on the grounds that the governor’s
appointees were not legally qualified to serve. The issue was heard by the state supreme
court, which quickly held that the case had no merit. The appointments made by
the governor were accepted, and the new board of three took office on June 1,
1935.
the governor’s political party; Floyd L. Wray did not.
of 1926
place to party!
a Spectacular Setting with an Eventful Past
Be sure to
leave comments about topics of interest, and any questions you have.